CERTIFICET IN ACCIDENT & EMERGENCY TECHNOLOGY

Module name Outcome Theory (Hrs) Practical (Hrs) Total (Hrs) (in multiple of 30 each) 1 Anatomy Demonstrate a fundamental understanding of the basic anatomy of the human body, including the major organs, systems and their structural relationships 30 60 90 2 Physiology Comprehend the fundamental principles of human heart physiology, including its Cardiac cycle, Cardiac excitation and contraction and Respiratory Physiology 30 60 90 3 Respond to Emergency Calls Explain the diverse protocols utilized in medical emergency services, demonstrating a comprehensive understanding of their significance in ensuring efficient and effective healthcare response 40 50 90 4 Evidence Based Protocol Interpret the principles of evidence-based practice in healthcare and integrate them 60 60 120 SYLLABUS 2 with a profound respect for individual patient values and preferences, enabling the delivery of patient-centered care 5 Cardio & Cerebrovascular Emergencies Identify and differentiate between a range of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergency scenarios, enabling them to apply appropriate assessment and intervention strategies for each situation. 60 60 120 6 OGB Emergencies Recognize and interpret different obstetric and gynecological (OBG) emergency situations, facilitating the application of suitable assessment and management protocols to ensure optimal maternal and fetal outcomes 40 50 90 7 Respiratory Emergencies Identify, assess and respond to a variety of respiratory emergency situations, demonstrating the ability to apply appropriate interventions and techniques to optimize patient respiratory function and overall well-being 60 60 120 8 Managing Trauma Execute comprehensive trauma management, including rapid assessment, prioritization of interventions and application of appropriate medical procedures to stabilize and provide optimal care for trauma patients. 60 60 120 9 Medical Ethics Apply ethical principles, legal guidelines, and professional values to ensure patient rights, uphold ethical standards, and maintain professionalism. 10 20 30 10 Employability Skill 60 60 11 OJT At 100 or more bedded for a period of not less than 6 months. 330 330 TOTAL 450 810 1260 SYLLABUS: Module No. 1: Anatomy SYLLABUS 3 Outcome : Demonstrate a fundamental understanding of the basic anatomy of the human body, including the major organs, systems and their structural relationships Theory Content: Introduction to Anatomy Basic Anatomical terminology Osteology- Upper limb – clavicle, scapula, humerous, radius, ulna Lower limb - femur, hipbone, sacrum, tibia, fibula Vertebral column Thorax – Intercostal space, pleura, bony thoracic cage, ribs sternum & thoracic vertebrae Lungs – Trachae, bronchial tree and circulation. Heart – Surface and gross anatomy of heart, chambers of the heart, valves of the heart, major blood Vessels of heart, pericardium, coronary arteries, pulmonary circulation and venous system. Myology – Muscles of thorax, muscles of upper limb (arm & fore arm) Flexor and extensor group of muscles (origin, insertion, nerve supply, action) Histology – Types of tissue (a) Epithelia - Squamous Glandular Transitional Cartilage (b) Connective tissue – bone, fibrous tissue, muscle Excretory syste – Kidney, ureters, bladder, structure of nephrons. Practical Content: 1. Study of human skeleton. 2. Study with the help of charts and models of the following systems and organs. a) Digestive system e) Reproductive system b) Respiratory system f) Nervous system c) Cardio-vascular system g) Eye d) Urinary system h) Ear 3. Microscopic examination of epithelial tissue, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, connective tissue and nervous tissue. 4. Examination of blood films for TLC, DLC and malarial parasite. 5. Determination of clotting time of blood, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and hemoglobin value. 6. Recording of body temperature, pulse, heart rate, blood pressure and ECG. Module No. 2: Physiology Outcome : Comprehend the fundamental principles of human heart physiology, including its Cardiac cycle, Cardiac excitation and contraction and Respiratory Physiology SYLLABUS 4 Theory Content: Overview of the cardiovascular system 1. Functions of the cardiovascular system, Circulation of blood, Central control of the cardiovascular system 2. Cardiac cycle: Mechanical events, Arterial cycle and central venous pressure cycle, Clinical aspects of human cardiac cycle 3. Cardiac excitation and contraction: Mechanism of contraction, Sinoatrial node function The cardiac conduction system: Atrioventricular node function, Autonomic regulation of the heart rate 4. Assessment of cardiac output: Fick principle, Thermodilution and indicator dilution methods Pulse Doppler methods, Miscellaneous methods 5. Hemodynamics, Relationship between pressure, flow and Resistance Frank-Starling law, Preload, afterload and contractility, Control of stroke volume and cardiac output 6. Solute transport between blood and tissues, Circulation of fluid between plasma, interstitium lymph 7. Vascular smooth muscle: Mechanism of contraction, Pharmacomechanical coupling, automaticity 8. Control of blood vessels: Local control mechanisms, Nervous control, Hormonal control 9. Specialization in individual circulation: Coronary circulation, Cerebral circulation, Pulmonary circulation, Cutaneous circulation 10. Cardiovascular receptors, reflexes and central control 11. Coordinated cardiovascular responses: Posture, Valsalva maneuver, Exercise, Diving reflex 12. Cardiovascular responses ion pathological situations: Shock and hemorrhage, Syncope Essential hypertension Chronic cardiac failure 13. Respiratory physiology: Mechanics of respiration, Principles of gas exchange regulation of respire 14. Hematology and coagulation physiology, blood components, Blood groups and blood transfusion Hemostasis Practical Content: Physiology Lab 1. Circulation of blood, Central control of the cardiovascular system 2. Mechanism of contraction, Sinoatrial node function 3. Atrioventricular node function, Autonomic regulation of the heart rate 4. Nervous control, Hormonal control 5. Cardiovascular receptors, reflexes and central control 6. Posture, Valsalva maneuver, Exercise, Diving reflex 7. Mechanics of respiration, Principles of gas exchange regulation of respire 8. Blood groups and blood transfusion Hemostasis Module No. 3: Respond to Emergency Calls Outcome : Explain the diverse protocols utilized in medical emergency services, demonstrating a comprehensive understanding of their significance in ensuring efficient and effective healthcare response. SYLLABUS 5 Theory Content: 1. Emergency Medical Services a. Definition of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) systems. b. Emergency calls from dispatch centre, process of recording details and responding to the calls c. Implementation of primary injury prevention activities as an effective way to reduce death, disabilities and health care costs. d. General concepts of pathophysiology for the assessment and management of emergency patients. e. Codes used in the hospital for all emergency situations f. Relevant medical equipment used in different types of emergencies 2. Call of Duty, Regulations guiding EMS in the State a. Roles and responsibilities of the EMT Basic Professional. b. Difference in the roles of EMT-B from other pre-hospital care providers. c. Specific statutes and regulations regarding the EMS system. d. Various methods used to access the EMS system in the community. e. Expected attitude and conduct of the EMT Professional at work and beyond. f. Ethics in decision making in the out-of-hospital environment. g. Relevant legislation, standards, policies, and procedures followed in the hospital h. Preparation of ambulance i. Use of equipment and supplies specialized for Emergency Medical Services such as diagnostic kits, disposables, and patient care products ii. Use of materials, supplies, medications and other items required for Basic Life Support (BLS) 3. Coordination with other emergency professionals a. History taking, comprehensive physical exam on any patient and communicating the findings. b. Integration of pathophysiological principles, assessment and findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient. c. Documentation of essential elements of patient assessment, care and transport. d. Parameters of Quality Improvement and role of the EMT Professional in the process. Practical Content: In Emergency a. Emergency calls from dispatch centre, process of recording details and responding to the calls b. Implementation of primary injury prevention activities as an effective way to reduce death, disabilities c. Using Codes in the hospital for all emergency situations d. Using medical equipment used in different types of emergencies e. Basic EMT practices f. Use of materials, supplies, medications and other items required for Basic Life Support (BLS) g. Documentation of essential elements of patient assessment, care and transport Module No. 4: Evidence Based Protocol Outcome : Interpret the principles of evidence-based practice in healthcare and integrate them with a SYLLABUS 6 profound respect for individual patient values and preferences, enabling the delivery of patient-centered care Theory Content: 1. Evidence based practice a. Implementation of evidence based practice b. Importance of following evidence based protocols 2. Development and innovations in EMS a. Changes in legislations and organisational policies with respect to refusal of treatment, diagnosis of patients at the scene and lifting/ shifting/ moving patients at the scene b. How to keep abreast of the latest knowledge by reading internal communications c. Legal framework changes related to roles and responsibilities d. Being updated with new clinical protocols and orders given by medical officer or any other provider institute 3. Respecting patient values and expectations and taking relevant action a. Importance, necessity, and legality of patient confidentiality b. Expressed and implied consent c. Consent of minors in providing care d. Refusal of transport and implications for the EMT-B e. Role of EMS and the EMT-B regarding patients with DNR orders f. Rationale for the concept of varying degrees of DNR g. Rationale for the needs, benefits, and usage of advance directives h. Treatment refusal i. Managing cases of treatment refusal ii. Documentation of cases in which a fully alert patient refuses treatment despite persuasion and consequence sharing i. Sharing with the patient the options available depending on the severity of the damage and potential risks/ benefits of each j. Taking consent of the patient, or the family members in case the patient is unconscious, to initiate the appropriate treatment k. Explaining to the patient the monetary commitments and insurance procedure, if applicable l. Appropriate completion of paperwork related to PCR, medical history, insurance, transport and transfer m. Taking consent of the medical officer by sharing a crisp, concise and to the point report n. Transport of patient to the appropriate hospital based on the kind of care required for the patient i. Package up patient algorithm Practical Content: In Emergency a. Implementation of evidence based practice b. Basic diagnosis of patients at the scene and lifting/ shifting/ moving patients at the scene Module No. 5: Cardio & Cerebrovascular Emergencies SYLLABUS 7 Outcome: Identify and differentiate between a range of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergency scenarios, enabling them to apply appropriate assessment and intervention strategies for each situation. Theory Content: 1. Cardiovascular Emergencies a. Introduction to the heart, cardiac functioning and related diseases i. Basic anatomy and physiology of the heart ii. Factors which can compromise functioning of the heart b. Cardiac Compromise disorders i. Signs and symptoms related with various cardiovascular diseases and emergency c. Recognition and assessment of Acute Coronary Syndrome or Acute Myocardial Infarction d. Basic life support management in cardiac disorders i. CPR in adults and children ii. Use of automated external defibrillator (AED) ? Indications and Contraindications of AED ? Impact of age and weight on defibrillation e. History taking of a suspected cardiovascular emergency 2. Cerebrovascular Emergencies a. Basic Anatomy and Physiology of the Brain b. Blood supply of the brain c. Stroke i. Basic causes ii. Different types iii. Signs and symptoms of each type of stroke d. Proper positioning for cerebrovascular attack patients during transport and Ventilator support e. Assessment and History taking of a suspected cerebrovascular emergency i. Glasgow Coma Scale and Determination of GCS score of the patient ii. Alert, Verbal response, Painful Stimuli, Unconscious (AVPU) scale and determination of score iii. Identification of comorbidities and appropriate, timely management of aggravating conditions Practical Content: In Emergency a. Signs and symptoms related with various cardiovascular diseases and emergency b. Recognition and assessment of Acute Coronary Syndrome or Acute Myocardial Infarction c. CPR in adults and children d. Use of automated external defibrillator (AED) e. Signs and symptoms of each type of stroke f. Understanding Alert, Verbal response, Painful Stimuli, Unconscious (AVPU) scale and determination of score Module No. 6: OGB Emergencies Outcome: Recognize and interpret different obstetric and gynecological (OBG) emergency situations, SYLLABUS 8 facilitating the application of suitable assessment and management protocols to ensure optimal maternal and fetal outcomes Theory Content: Obstetrics/ Gynecology Emergencies a. Basic anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive system b. Introduction to obstetrics terminology, process of normal delivery i. Identification of stages of labour ii. Complications which can occur during a normal delivery c. General management of an obstetrics emergency i. Identification of imminent obstetrical emergency ii. General assessment of an obstetric case iii. General assessment and history taking of a patient experiencing a gynecological emergency iv. Active management of third stage of labour v. Steps of the routine care of the neonate and resuscitation of the neonate if required d. Importance of maintaining a patient's modesty and privacy while still being able to obtain necessary information e. Post-Partum Hemorrhage (PPH) Practical Content: In Emergency a. Understanding different stages of labour b. Management of an obstetrics emergency c. Managing Post-Partum Hemorrhage (PPH) Module No. 7: Respiratory Emergencies Outcome: Identify, assess and respond to a variety of respiratory emergency situations, demonstrating the ability to apply appropriate interventions and techniques to optimize patient respiratory function and overall well-being Theory Content: Respiratory Emergencies a. Basic anatomy of respiratory system i. Gag reflex and its significance ii. Identifying commonly neglected pre-hospital skills related to airway iii. Identifying the anatomy and functions of the upper and lower airway b. Airway management and ventilation i. Airway obstruction and causes of respiratory distress ii. Opening and cleaning of airway using suction devices iii. Oxygen therapy iv. Utility of maintaining oxygen levels in blood c. Distinguishing between acute and chronic respiratory emergency d. Emergencies like acute asthmatic attack, COPD and emphysema e. Anatomy of airway management i. Hierarchy of airway management ii. Differences between adult and pediatric airway anatomy f. Usage of devices in the ambulance to assist ventilation i. Steps for delivering oxygen from a cylinder and regulator SYLLABUS 9 ii. 1 person and 2 person mechanism for ventilation of adult and paediatric cases Practical Content: In Emergency a. Opening and cleaning of airway using suction devices b. Oxygen therapy c. Airway management through ventilation d. Managing mergencies like acute asthmatic attack, COPD and emphysema Module No. 8: Managing Trauma Outcome: Execute comprehensive trauma management, including rapid assessment, prioritization of interventions and application of appropriate medical procedures to stabilize and provide optimal care for trauma patients. Theory Content: 1. Bleeding and Shock a. Basic Anatomy and physiology of the circulatory system b. General management of bleeding from trauma injury i. Differentiate between external and internal bleeding ii. Identification of the type of external bleeding by general appearance of the wound/ injury iii. Signs and symptoms of internal bleeding iv. Steps in the emergency medical care of the patient with internal bleeding v. Ways of stopping/ controlling bleeding c. Dressing and Bandaging d. General management of a patient slipping into shock i. Signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock 2. Soft tissue injury and Burns a. Basic anatomy of the skin b. Pathophysiology of soft tissue injury and wound healing i. Different soft tissue injuries ii. Different types of open and closed soft tissue injuries iii. Differentiation between signs and symptoms of crush injury and blast injury iv. Special attention required in emergency care of soft tissue injury/ burn patients c. Sprains i. Differentiation between sprain and strain ii. Degree of sprains and appropriate management d. Burns i. Differentiation between different causes of burns ii. Emergency medical care for burns iii. Steps to stop the burning process initially with water or saline iv. Removal of clothing and accessories from burnt tissues e. General principles of dressing of a wound and bandaging: initial management of burns and soft tissue injuries i. Complications of an improperly applied dressing, bandage, or tourniquet f. Prevention of contamination i. Necessary caution to prevent contamination of wound/ burn SYLLABUS 10 3. Musculoskeletal Injuries a. Basic anatomy of human musculoskeletal system i. Age associated changes in bones ii. Morphological changes seen in bones associated with age b. Types of fractures i. Path physiology of open and closed fractures c. Initial assessment of musculoskeletal trauma i. Six "P"s of musculoskeletal injury assessment ii. Vessels which are more vulnerable to injuries in musculoskeletal emergency d. Management of injuries i. Usage and benefits of splints ii. Standard protocol for splinting/ immobilization iii. Need for assessment of pulses, motor and sensation before and after splinting iv. Complications associated with musculoskeletal injuries v. Benefits of cold and heat application for musculoskeletal injury. 4. Injuries to Head and Spine a. Basic anatomy of head and spinal system i. Anatomy and physiology of structures related to spinal injuries ii. Assessment of head/ spinal injuries b. Complications of head or spinal injuries. i. Signs and symptoms of intracranial bleeding ii. Neural complications which may be associated with head or spinal injuries iii. Signs/ symptoms of neurological deficit iv. Signs/ symptoms of increasing intracranial pressure v. Early signs and symptoms of alterations in level of consciousness vi. Signs of brain irritation - change in personality, irritability, lethargy, confusion, repeating words or phrases, changes in consciousness, paralysis of one side of the body, seizures c. Spinal stabilization/ immobilization i. Lifting and log-roll for patients with suspected/ frank head or spinal injury ii. Stabilization, initial management and transfer of patients with suspected/ frank head or spinal injury d. Injury to the face i. Basic anatomy of face and its associated organs Practical Content: In Emergency a. Managing emergency medical care of the patient with internal / External bleeding b. Managing symptoms of hypovolemic shock c. Managing Burn injuries d. Managing open & close fractures e. Splinting f. Lifting and log-roll for patients with suspected/ frank head or spinal injury Module No 9: Medical Ethics Module Outcome: Apply ethical principles, legal guidelines, and professional values to ensure patient rights, uphold ethical standards, and maintain professionalism. SYLLABUS 11 Theory: 1: Introduction to Medical Ethics Differentiating between medical ethics and medical law, defining their goals and scope. Understanding the healthcare Code of Conduct. Exploring basic medical ethics principles, with an emphasis on confidentiality. Providing an overview of malpractice and negligence, including rational and irrational drug therapy. 2: Ethics and Practice Upholding patients' rights by understanding and implementing autonomy and informed consent. Ethical considerations in caring for terminally ill patients. Distinguishing medical diagnosis from physiotherapy diagnosis. Exploring the medico-legal aspects of medical records, including types of medico-legal cases, record-keeping, ownership, confidentiality, release of information, unauthorized disclosure, and retention. 3: Protocol & Principles Understanding professional indemnity through insurance policies. Developing standardized protocols to prevent near misses or sentinel events. The process of obtaining informed consent. Exploring biomedical ethical principles. Discussing the code of ethics for para-medical staff. 4: Professionalism & Values Understanding and actively applying professional values such as integrity, objectivity, competence, due care, and confidentiality. Embracing core values in healthcare, including accountability, altruism, compassion, excellence, integrity, professional duties, and social responsibility. Recognizing the ethical significance of personal values. Demonstrating appropriate attitudes and behaviors in healthcare, including professionalism and treating all individuals equally. Examining the code of conduct, professional accountability, responsibility, and addressing misconduct. Recognizing the differences between professions and emphasizing the importance of teamwork in healthcare. Considering cultural factors in the healthcare environment. Understanding the role of entry-level healthcare practitioners, their autonomy, and their commitment to evidence-based practice. Practical Syllabus: 1. Practical activities related to each topic, including case studies, role-playing, and discussions to apply ethical principles and legal guidelines in real-world healthcare scenarios. SYLLABUS 12 2. Hands-on exercises in developing protocols, obtaining informed consent, and addressing ethical dilemmas. 3. Interactive sessions to explore biomedical ethical principles and their application in healthcare practice. 4. Ethical decision-making simulations and discussions on code of conduct. 5. Collaborative exercises emphasizing teamwork and cultural sensitivity in healthcare settings. 6. Practical demonstrations of handling medical records, ensuring confidentiality, and addressing medico-legal aspects. 7. Visits to healthcare facilities to observe and discuss real-world applications of medical ethics and professionalism. 8. Role-playing and case studies focused on patient interactions, informed consent, and ethical dilemmas. 9. Group discussions and activities to foster a deeper understanding of personal and professional values and their impact on healthcare practice. Module No 10: Employability Skill (60 Hrs) Content: Introduction to Employability Skills Duration: 1.5 Hours After completing this programme, participants will be able to: 1. Discuss the Employability Skills required for jobs in various industries 2. List different learning and employability related GOI and private portals and their usage Constitutional values - Citizenship Duration: 1.5 Hours 3. Explain the constitutional values, including civic rights and duties, citizenship, responsibility towards society and personal values and ethics such as honesty, integrity, caring and respecting others that are required to become a responsible citizen 4. Show how to practice different environmentally sustainable practices. Becoming a Professional in the 21st Century Duration: 2.5 Hours 5. Discuss importance of relevant 21st century skills. 6. Exhibit 21st century skills like Self-Awareness, Behavior Skills, time management, critical and adaptive thinking, problem-solving, creative thinking, social and cultural awareness, emotional awareness, learning to learn etc. in personal or professional life. 7. Describe the benefits of continuous learning. Basic English Skills Duration: 10 Hours 8. Show how to use basic English sentences for everyday conversation in different contexts, in person and over the telephone 9. Read and interpret text written in basic English 10. Write a short note/paragraph / letter/e -mail using basic English Career Development & Goal Setting Duration: 2 Hours 11. Create a career development plan with well-defined short- and long-term goals SYLLABUS 13 Communication Skills Duration: 5 Hours 12. Demonstrate how to communicate effectively using verbal and nonverbal communication etiquette. 13. Explain the importance of active listening for effective communication 14. Discuss the significance of working collaboratively with others in a team Diversity & Inclusion Duration: 2.5 Hours 15. Demonstrate how to behave, communicate, and conduct oneself appropriately with all genders and PwD 16. Discuss the significance of escalating sexual harassment issues as per POSH act. Financial and Legal Literacy Duration:5 Hours 17. Outline the importance of selecting the right financial institution, product, and service 18. Demonstrate how to carry out offline and online financial transactions, safely and securely 19. List the common components of salary and compute income, expenditure, taxes, investments etc. 20. Discuss the legal rights, laws, and aids Essential Digital Skills Duration: 10 Hours 21. Describe the role of digital technology in today’s life 22. Demonstrate how to operate digital devices and use the associated applications and features, safely and securely 23. Discuss the significance of displaying responsible online behavior while browsing, using various social media platforms, e-mails, etc., safely and securely 24. Create sample word documents, excel sheets and presentations using basic features 25. utilize virtual collaboration tools to work effectively Entrepreneurship Duration: 7 Hours 26. Explain the types of entrepreneurship and enterprises 27. Discuss how to identify opportunities for potential business, sources of funding and associated financial and legal risks with its mitigation plan 28. Describe the 4Ps of Marketing-Product, Price, Place and Promotion and apply them as per requirement 29. Create a sample business plan, for the selected business opportunity Customer Service Duration: 5 Hours 30. Describe the significance of analyzing different types and needs of customers 31. Explain the significance of identifying customer needs and responding to them in a professional manner. 32. Discuss the significance of maintaining hygiene and dressing appropriately Getting Ready for apprenticeship & Jobs Duration: 8 Hours 33. Create a professional Curriculum Vitae (CV) 34. Use various offline and online job search sources such as employment exchanges, recruitment agencies, and job portals respectively 35. Discuss the significance of maintaining hygiene and confidence during an interview 36. Perform a mock interview 37. List the steps for searching and registering for apprenticeship opportunities SYLLABUS 14 Module No. 11: OJT Outcome: Work in real job situation with special emphasis on basic safety and hazards in this domain Practical Content: Assessor will check report prepared for this component of Practical training of the course and assess whether competency has been developed to work in the real job situation with special emphasis on basic safety and hazards in this domain.